Latest Summer Fitness Trends

 How do you stay fit in the summer?

Summer is a great time to stay active and get fit! We can get outside and enjoy the beautiful outdoors, take a hike, bike a trail or play a game of beach volleyball. If you are looking for what’s hot in the fitness world this summer, there are a few trends that you may want to check out:

Boot camps – While the name may sound a little intimidating, these fitness classes are getting people in tip-top shape with high intensity activity and accountability. Focus is often on strength, endurance and flexibility.

Yoga – There are many forms of yoga emerging, each focusing on different techniques or set in a different environment such as those in hot and humid rooms. Find a reputable studio near you to learn proper technique and find out what this trend is all about.

Zumba – This and other dance style workouts are very popular this summer. The high energy level, challenging movements and music that makes you want to get up and move make this type of class a must-try.

CrossFit – This fitness program focuses on strength and conditioning. It revolves around aerobic exercise, weight lifting, speed training, gymnastics and plyometrics to name a few.

Obstacle races – As an alternative to a typical marathon, these races are fun and challenging.  Whether you are running through mud or climbing walls, explore the races in your community this summer.

Wherever your fitness adventures take you, make sure you are keeping your feet healthy. If foot pain is getting in your way, contact Capital District Podiatry . Dr. Tejas Pandya can diagnose any problems you may have and provide the treatment you need to get back to your life without foot pain. Call (518) 273-0053 to make an appointment today. 

Barefoot Running & Shin Splints

Photo by: Sura Nualpradid, freedigitalphotos.net

Whether you are a regular barefoot runner or a contemplating future participant to this very popular trend, it is important to be educated on how this style of running could affect your foot health. Dr. Tejas Pandya, foot specialist in Troy, NY has treated many runners over the years with a variety of foot and ankle problems. A very painful but common problem runners often face is shin splints.

Shin splints are associated with pain alongside your shinbone, or tibia. This is the large bone in the front of your lower leg. Injury can occur in this part of the leg with too much stress, overtraining and poor footwear. For a runner, the repetitive impact on hard surfaces can cause stress on the tibia and result in swelling, pain and tenderness.

While there has been much controversy about the safety and effectiveness of barefoot running, there are supporters who claim that regular running shoes are the problem. Certain studies have shown that the extra support in running shoes alters the way our feet should strike the ground and causes our heels to absorb the bulk of the force. This, in turn, can cause injury over time such as shin splints.

Going barefoot causes a runner to land on the balls of the feet instead of the heel, which allows the calf muscle and Achilles tendon to take the bulk of the stress rather than the shin. There are many things to consider, however, before jumping into barefoot running. Without the proper knowledge and training, this activity can lead to serious injury. There are certain foot structures and deformities that may prevent a runner from safely running barefoot.

If you are interested in barefoot running, we suggest coming in to see Dr. Pandya beforehand. He can evaluate the health and structure of your feet, identify any potential problems and offer his expert advice. Call our podiatric office today at (518) 273-0053 or visit us online at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

Where to Start on Getting in Shape for Summer

Spring is here – Summer is coming!

What does the thought of warm summer weather bring to mind? Lazy days, family fun and beach vacations may be at the top of your list. For many, the thought of summer brings up the need to get in shape!

Summer is a time to be active and if the winter doldrums have had you cooped inside living a sedentary lifestyle, it may be time to kick things into gear. But where does one start? The experts at www.livestrong.com have been helping beginners and pros alike in getting and staying fit and healthy.

One of the first things to do is take a true assessment of your habits. Old habits die hard and it may take some new goals and scheduling to turn things around. Start small and evaluate the best ways to ensure you are eating a well-balanced diet. You need food for the energy you are going to burn working out but it needs to be the right food. There are many online tools that will give you a quick refresher course on how you can change your diet in a way that suits you and your lifestyle.

Second, team up your new diet plan with a well-rounded exercise plan. Find some activities you love to do and strive for 60-90 minutes of aerobic exercise every single day. You may need to get creative if you lead a busy life but regular exercise is going to help you burn calories, release stress and build up your cardiovascular health just to name a few of the benefits!

Dr. Tejas Pandya, foot specialist in Troy, NY needs to be part of your team as well. Nothing will be more frustrating in your endeavors than foot or ankle pain. Catch problems before they arise and get help finding the best athletic footwear for your feet. Make an appointment today so we can help you stay on track! Call our podiatric office at (518) 273-0053 or visit us at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Help For Shin Splints

Are you a runner with lower leg pain?

Shin splints are definitely an unwelcome visitor when you are trying to keep up with a running or exercise routine. Known as medial tibial stress syndrome, it is a common problem seen at our Troy, NY podiatric office.

Foot specialist, Dr. Tejas Pandya, treats runners and athletes on a regular basis. Shin splints can stop you in your tracks, but with treatment by Dr. Pandya and an understanding of how they develop will get you back on your feet in no time.

Shin splints cause pain alongside or behind your shinbone. Pain arises from your muscles and tendons becoming inflamed. You might notice swelling and tenderness if you touch your lower leg. Typically, shin splints develop after too much stress has been put on your shinbone. Dr. Pandya often sees shin splints in patients who:

• Consistently run downhill

• Run in unsupportive or worn out footwear

• Are heavily involved in sports or activities with starts and stops such as basketball or tennis

• Train too hard and too fast, putting an overload of stress on their legs

• Play sports on hard, unforgiving surfaces

• Have flat feet or rigid arches

Suffering from shin splints is not fun. You can effectively treat them at home by resting and avoiding any activities that cause further pain. Try ice packs and elevating your shin to reduce swelling. If you can’t keep them from returning, you may need corrective shoes or custom orthotic inserts to support your feet.

Contact us today for help and stop living in pain. You can make an appointment by calling (518) 273-0053 or visit us at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Best Ways to Care for Your Feet After Exercise

If you are active on a regular basis, you may not be able to escape the aches and pains that often accompany your body being put to the test. Due to the stresses involved in most sports and exercise activity, feet often take the brunt of the impact and can leave you limping.

Do you have tired, sore and achy feet after exercise?

There could be several reasons for having sore feet after exercise but let’s start with some easy ways you can care for your feet. Dr. Tejas Pandya, a foot specialist in Troy, NY treats athletes and sports enthusiasts on a regular basis and consistently encourages them to treat their feet well to stay in the game. Prevention can keep injuries away!

Here are some easy but worthy tips for caring for your feet after exercising:

• Get off of your feet and rest. Simply bearing the weight of your body can make feet tired and sore even without the extra impact during exercise.

• Put your feet up. Sore feet are often accompanied by swelling and elevating your feet after exercise will help to reduce any swelling that may occur. Take off your shoes and socks as well.

• Ease soreness with ice. Grab an ice pack or bag of frozen peas and put it on your foot to ease discomfort and help reduce any swelling.

• Relax in a footbath. A footbath with warm water or cold water can relax muscles or help with soreness. Adding some oils or Epsom salts can soothe feet as well. Just a note, if you have diabetes, it is advised to stay away from warm footbaths altogether.

It is normal for your feet to need time to adjust to a new workout routine or exercise activity but any lingering pain should never be ignored. A small problem could turn much more serious without proper treatment. For treatment or other foot health information, call our podiatric office today for an appointment. You can reach Dr. Pandya at (518) 273-0053 or visit www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Run on a Treadmill, or Not?

It is the start of a new year!  Whether you are a seasoned runner or a beginner ready to get your feet wet, the decision whether to get outside or stick to a treadmill can be tricky. Bad weather can make the first option less than desirable but many people question the effectiveness and safety of a treadmill.

Dr. Tejas Pandya, foot and ankle specialist in Troy, NY treats many athletes and sports enthusiast. The bottom line for all runners is foot health and injuries can happen whether you are pounding the pavement or the…belt. Running on a treadmill definitely comes with some advantages. The conveyor belt on a treadmill provides a softer surface that absorbs some of the shock from your feet. This can help prevent some of the injuries that may arise from feet constantly hitting the hard concrete outside.

Changing the incline or pace at the touch of a finger is a great reason to run on a treadmill. You can ease up or push harder depending on what kind of challenge you want. You can also set yourself up in front of the TV, watch a favorite show and be in the comfort of your home.

On the other hand, a treadmill can be hard on the pocket book and a space hog in a tight place. It also does not provide a runner training for any type of a race with the right kind of running needed to properly train. If you are going to race outside, you need to train outside for optimal success.

Whichever you choose, make sure to wear appropriate footwear and have any foot pain or injury treated as soon as possible. Any running or training can be halted when a foot problem is ignored. Call our podiatric office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment or visit us at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Starting Exercise Off On the Right Foot

“Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.”  - Joseph Addison

Becoming or staying healthy is no doubt on the top of many people’s New Year’s resolution lists this year. What about the beginner? Are you someone who has never made fitness a priority but is ready to make a positive change?

Starting to exercise can be daunting if you are not sure where or how to begin. It is important to start exercise on the right foot for success down the road. Dr. Pandya, foot specialist in Troy, NY sees and treats many patients who have done too much too soon and have foot and ankle injuries as a result.

Start with your feet. Before hitting the gym, make an appointment with Dr. Pandya. He can give your feet a thorough exam and identify any potential problems. If you have a foot deformity or a problem with bunions or hammertoes, exercise can aggravate the condition and make it worse. He can provide custom orthotics to support and protect your feet during exercise.

Pick the right shoe for the activity. Your feet may need a different type of support and cushioning depending on what you are involved in. Go to an athletic store at the end of the day since feet swell over the course of a day. Ask an expert to help you find the best shoes for your feet and the activity you want to do.

The American Heart Association recommends getting in at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days for optimal heart health. People often think the more aggressive the work out, the quicker they will see results. Start slow and give your body time to adjust. Take time to warm up and stretch well at the end of a workout.

Dr. Pandya can help reach your goals and keep feet healthy along the way. If you have any foot pain while starting to exercise contact our podiatric office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment. You can also visit us online at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Extra Weight Can Affect Your Feet

Your feet are the foundation for your body and they often take a beating! On average, feet take 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day and just walking puts the pressure of one and a half times your body weight on your feet. It is even more when running and if you are overweight, your feet are under some serious strain.

The American Podiatric Medical Association warns that our feet are the most vulnerable part of our body for injury. Being overweight increases the risk for injury even further. Dr. Tejas Pandya, foot and ankle specialist in Troy, NY encourages patients if they are gearing up to lose some weight, to keep feet as an important reason to do so.

How can weight hurt your feet?

Adding weights to a workout routine can help build and strengthen muscle but added weight can be detrimental to feet. Muscles, tendons and ligaments can become stretched and weaker. There are many ways that extra weight affects foot and ankle health. Arches can collapse and feet can flatten from the pressure of added weight. This can cause the plantar fascia to be strained. This tendon runs from your heel to your toes and the strain can result in plantar fasciitis and heel pain.

Tendonitis, ankle pain, arthritis and gout are additional foot conditions seen at Dr. Pandya’s podiatric office with patients who are overweight.

What can be done?

For the majority, weight loss is not solved overnight. If you are in the process of losing weight, you can help keep your feet healthy and pain free by selecting supportive footwear. If you have a pronation problem where your ankles lean inward, it can be more severe when overweight. Custom orthotics made for your foot structure can help support your feet and keep them better aligned.

If you have foot or ankle pain due to being overweight, see Dr. Pandya for treatment. Call us today at ((518) 273-0053 or visit our website at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Is Running in the Cold Safe for Feet?

Are you a die-hard runner? Rain or shine, sun or moon, alone or with friends – none of these matter for many serious runners. As long as feet are hitting the pavement, trail or track many runners stick with their routines without concern. What about running in the dead of winter though? When the skies are darker and the roads are icy and wet? Even for the experienced, running in the winter does come with risks, especially when it comes to feet.

Preparation is key!

Nothing is more miserable for a runner than to be trudging along with cold, wet feet in squishing socks. This can be avoided by investing in appropriate gear for your feet. Set your feet up for success in waterproof running shoes. Choose shoes with little or no mesh. Brooks offers a collection of running shoes made with Gore-Tex® that keep feet dry and comfortable.

Avoid cotton socks and choose brands that help wick away wetness. SmartWool is a favorite among outdoor athletes. It is suggested that winter runners layer a thicker sock over a wicking pair for extra warmth. This might require shoes to be a half-size larger. Some runners put their stocking feet into little plastic baggies before putting running shoes on – whatever it takes to keep feet dry! SealSkinz is a great company that offers a huge variety of waterproof products for outdoor sports. They have socks, gloves and hats specifically for runners.

Ice puts runners at risk for falling so shoes need to have proper soles for outdoor running. Look for products such as Yaktrax that can be put on the bottom of shoes to run safely in snow and ice. Cold feet can be uncomfortable and distracting. Extreme cold also puts feet at risk for frostbite. When frostbite occurs, there is often little or no pain so runners need to be keenly aware of running conditions and the state of their feet while running.

Foot specialist, Dr. Tejas Pandya helps runners take care of their feet on a regular basis. Call him for help with any foot problems to keep feet healthy for the long run at (518) 273-0053 or visit our website at www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com.

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Tips for Riding Bikes as the Weather Cools

For all of you bike riders out there, don’t let the cooler weather stop you! As the temperatures begin to lower, the weather can offer your body a cool breeze, which creates the perfect atmosphere for bike riding. Instead of packing away your bike this season, follow our helpful tips to continue riding as the weather cools down:

• Dress the part. Sure you might sweat from riding a bike, but it’s important to wear proper clothing to balance your body’s exercise heat with the chills of the outdoors. As the weather turns colder, start wearing all the essential winter gear like a hat and gloves for every bike ride.

• Wear layers. While it is important to stay warm, you are still performing a physical activity. Therefore, you can easily become overheated under all that heavy clothing. If you bundle up in layers, you can easily shed or add clothing whenever your body becomes too hot or too cold.

• Protect your feet! Your body can lose its heat at a faster rate in concern to your feet. Therefore, it’s important to wear warm gear in order to protect your lower extremities and the rest of your body. You should wear thermal cycling socks made from synthetic materials with wicking properties in order to keep your feet warm and dry.

This season, don’t let the cold weather keep you from riding your bike! Riding bike can be a yearlong activity as long as you take the proper precautionary steps. If you are interested in additional information on how to keep your feet safe while bike riding, contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

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3 Easy Steps to Improving Your Flexibility

It is important to keep your muscles loose and your body flexible in order to maintain your health. Increasing your flexibility can help lower your risk for developing an injury.

Follow these helpful steps to improve your flexibility and the health of your feet and ankles:

• Stretch throughout the day. You should stretch when you wake up in the morning, midday, before and after any instances of physical activity, and prior to tucking yourself in at night. Remember to stretch your entire body, including your smaller limbs like your feet, ankles and toes.

• Be conscious of your posture. Good posture is extremely important in preventing aches and pains throughout your entire body. Remember to maintain good posture throughout the day whether you are sitting or standing. Maintaining proper posture can keep your muscles from tightening and help improve flexibility.

• Add a little yoga. Yoga is a workout because it combines stretching and specific exercises that will help to improve your balance, flexibility and endurance. Yoga can even help to reduce your stress. You should conduct a yoga routine at least a couple times every week.

Increasing the flexibility of your muscles can help to increase your range of motion and improve your physical abilities. In order to promote your best physical performance and maintain the health of your entire body follow our helpful guidelines.

If you develop a foot or ankle related injury contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

References:

http://exercise.about.com/cs/exbeginners/a/begflexibility.htm

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Simple Shoe Tricks for Healthy Feet

Maintaining your health can be a tricky job. Your feet need care and attention just like the rest of your body. Footwear is made specifically to protect the health of your feet, but your shoes can’t do all the work - they need your help!

Follow these simple tips to helping your shoes protect your feet, ankles and all 10 toes:

• Get the right fit. The most important aspect of your shoes is the fit. Shoes need to fit correctly to the length, width and height of your feet. Your footwear should big long enough that your toes have about a thumb’s width before the end of your shoe, but not so big that your heel slides out the back. Shoes should also be wide enough that you have room to wiggle your toes and tall enough that they do not press down on your toes.

• Be specific to your exercise. Your shoes should be specific to your activities. If you are involved in different sports you need different shoes for each exercise. Physical activities put pressure on your feet, and soccer will affect your feet differently than running, yoga or football. Therefore each sport or exercise will require specific protection from your footwear so you will need different shoes for each of your activities.

• Alternate between shoes. While you should alternate different shoes for each of your exercises, you should also alternate your daily walking shoes. Your shoes need their days off just like you. This will not only help your shoes last longer, but also maintains the health of your feet.

• Cushion your feet. While your shoes should provide you an appropriate amount of cushioning, you should always pair your footwear with a comfortable pair of socks. Socks give your feet greater cushioning and reduce irritation between your feet and your shoes. This will help prevent painful ailments like blisters.

• Add an orthotic. Purchasing custom molded orthotics can be one of the best investments you will ever make. An orthotic adds support, comfort and cushioning to your footwear. It can relieve pain and reduce your risk for an injury.

Taking proper care of your feet can be a big job, but making foot care a part of your regular routine can help you prevent foot ailments throughout your lifetime. If you are experiencing pain in your feet or would like to come in for a check-up and proper foot examination contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

References:

http://www.thestarpress.com/article/20120912/LIFESTYLE/309120007/Tips-happy-feet?odyssey=nav%7Chead&nclick_check=1
http://runnersfeed.com/rotate-your-running-shoes/

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Send Kids Back to School with Healthy Footwear

You have probably started packing lunches, looking up bus schedules, and scraping out old school supplies as you send your children back to school. While some items like pencils, pens, notebooks, backpacks, and clothes that your children have yet to outgrow can be reused, there are certain school supplies that should remain on the list year after year - shoes.

It’s likely that your children have outgrown their shoes from last year or at least out worn them. Your child’s shoes can affect the health of their feet, ankles, and entire body so it’s important to find a healthy pair.

With the endless numbers of styles it can be difficult to determine the right footwear for your child. Therefore Dr. Tejas Pandya has come up with some helpful guidelines to finding the healthiest shoes.

• Measure both feet. You should have your child’s feet properly measured before every purchase. Children’s feet can grow very quickly and at different rates. This often results in their feet being two different sizes. So when you measure their feet, fit their shoes to the larger foot. Ill-fitting footwear can result in a number of different foot ailments. 

• Take a stand. You should measure your child’s feet while they are in a standing position. When your child stands his or her feet bear the weight of his or her whole body, which can make feet expand under pressure. This ensures that shoes will be comfortable during weight bearing activities like sports, exercise, or even just walking and standing.

• Find the perfect fit. Ill-fitting shoes refer to both shoes that are too small and too big, both of which can result in foot ailments. Your child should have about a thumb’s width between their big toe and the end of their shoe. The toe box should also leave enough room so that they can comfortably wiggle those toes. Shoes should also fit tight enough that the heel does not slip out the back.

• Take a little walk. Shoes need to fit comfortably while sitting, standing and walking. Your child should try on both shoes and walk around the store to examine their comfort in motion. You also want to bring their own socks along to try on with the shoes. You should then question your child about any irritations or uncomfortable pressure from the footwear. 

• Examine the shoes. Children’s shoes should not collapse under pressure. Look for shoes with heels that are made from a durable material to hold in a fixed position. Shoes should also have a proper layer of cushioning on the insole and sufficient arch support. Shoes should bend at the ball of your child’s foot, but they should not in the middle nor should they be able to fold completely in half.

Proper foot care should start at an early age in order to prevent future foot problems. The right shoes can help prevent injuries on the playground, in athletics, and all other aspects of your child’s life. If you require additional assistance in finding the right shoes for your child, contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

References:

http://www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com/library/1783/Children%27sShoes.html
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00143

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New York Giants’ Prince Amukamara Suffers Ankle Sprain

Prince Amukamara, cornerback for the New York Giants, has recently suffered a mild sprain to his high ankle. The injury occurred during a recent pre-season game against the Chicago Bears. The injury took place with less than five minutes left in the first quarter of the game and Amukamara had to be carted off the field. He is now expected to be out for at least the next several weeks.

With Amukamara out, the Giants are worried about defending their title in this year’s Super Bowl. The timing could not be worse considering the injury took place less than two weeks before the regular season begins. Their starting cornerback, Amukamara, will certainly be out for their first game against the Dallas Cowboys taking place on September 5th.

The injury was originally thought to be a fracture but x-rays showed that it was a high ankle sprain. Ankle sprains result from unnatural motions that often twist the ankle bones and force them out of their proper and comfortable position in your foot. Ankle sprains occur when the ankle is forced out of its natural positioning. It results in severe stretching of the ankle’s ligaments. In more serious sprains the ligaments can actually tear or rip completely.

Since the injury appears mild, Amukamara may recover quickly and be able to return to the regular season without missing too many games. Ankle sprains should not be taken lightly, treated immediately and given the proper time to heal. If an ankle sprain does not receive proper treatment in a timely manner it can result in severe pain, swelling bruising, and even long-term issues with the injured foot. You should ice and elevate the injury as needed in order to relieve pain and swelling. Ankle sprains should also be properly wrapped with compressive bandages to prevent mobility of the ankle during the healing process. Serious sprains, or those left untreated, may require surgery.

When it comes to injuries, just like in sports, your best defense is a good offense. Therefore you should take the proper steps to prevent ankle sprains from occurring. Conduct a proper warm-up and cool-down routine that incorporate your feet in order to maintain the strength of your ankles and increase your balance and flexibility. Remember to stretch throughout the day, exercise for at least 30 minutes every day and purchase properly fitting footwear. If you experience an ankle sprain, contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

References:

http://www.capitaldistrictpodiatry.com/library/1736/AnkleSprain.html
http://espn.go.com/new-york/nfl/story/_/id/8301173/new-york-giants-cb-prince-amukamara-suffers-high-ankle-sprain

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8 Easy Steps to Preventing Overuse Injuries

Staying active is important in maintaining a healthy weight, building strong bones, muscles, and joints, and keeping your ligaments limber. Too much of a good thing can be bad - even when it comes to exercise. There are more than five-million sports related injuries happening every year. With that, almost half of all sports injuries are because of overuse.

In order to prevent overuse injuries, please follow our helpful tips:

• Create warm-up and cool-down routines. Stretching out your muscles and tendons keeps them strong and prevents stiffening, which can easily result in an injury. Create a 10-15 minute warm up routine and with the same routine to cool you down and relax your body.

• Know the correct techniques. Every sport and exercise comes with its own physical demands, but knowing the right techniques can protect your body from injuries. If you are unaware of the proper techniques, ask a coach or trainer for a proper evaluation and lesson.

• Do not over train. Of course, practice makes perfect, but too much training can take you out of the game. It’s important to train for all aspects of the game, so don’t focus on one specific area. Remember to give yourself a break and of course have days to rest.

• Get a physical. Before sports season begins, you should receive a proper physical. It’s important to determine that you are in good health before you begin extensive training. Contact our office to schedule a foot and ankle examination before you begin your training routine.

• Increase your workout routine gradually. When you sign up for a sport it’s typical to jump right into intense practices every day, but this can be dangerous. Ease into physical activity and increase your time on a weekly basis.

• Vary your sports. Sticking to one sport can easily lead to overuse injuries. If you vary your sporting activity, it provides different motions so your feet and ankles are not forced into the same positions year round.

• Give it a rest. Staying physical is important to your overall health, but so is allowing your body time to rest. If you are active in sports, you should give yourself time to rest after every season. Playing year round is an easy way to gain an overuse injury.

• Treat your injuries. If you do experience an injury, don’t think that playing through the pain makes you a better and more dedicated player. Playing through an injury is dangerous to your health, and the health of your body should always come before the game.

You can reduce your risk for an overuse injury by following our helpful tips. Overuse injuries, like all injuries, should be taken seriously and treated immediately. If you don’t treat overuse injuries in a timely matter, they can result in permanent damage. If you develop an overuse injury, contact our office at (518) 273-0053 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Tejas Pandya.

References:

http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20120421-OPINION-204210304

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